Vigilance in EU MDR

Introduction

The Medical Device Vigilance System’s goal is to lower the risks of using medical equipment and serious incidents while it strives to improve protection for patients, healthcare providers, and other users.

A National Competent Authority Report is one way that adverse occurrences are evaluated and, where necessary, information is shared according to the Medical Devices Directives/Regulations (NCAR).

The implementation of suitable field safety corrective measures aims to prevent the repetition of such events. To facilitate and harmonise the execution of the EU regulations on Medical Devices by manufacturers and competent authorities, general recommendations on vigilance are added to the Medical Devices Regulations.

Manufacturers of medical devices are obligated by law to report adverse incidents and Field Safety Corrective Actions (FSCAs) to EU Competent Authorities in accordance with the European Medical Devices Regulations and the In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices Regulations.

Regulators are frequently perplexed by the “when, what, and to whom” part of EU incident reporting. Companies that disclose incidents incorrectly risk serious repercussions. RA professionals must take the initiative because ignorance is not a valid justification for failing to report problems.

Requirements for Vigilance Reporting According to EU MDR 2017/745

The following events are considered as “reportable events” in accordance with the new EU MDR when they directly involve a medical device:

• The event resulted in death or a severe decline of the health of the patient, user, or any other person involved.
• Although the specific event had no adverse effects on any individual, it could result in death or a severe decline of the health of the patient, user, or any other individual if it were to occur again. The manufacturer is responsible for determining whether a given occurrence could seriously impact a patient or user; this assessment must be based on risk management and a medical examination of the particular event.

The Timeline For Vigilance Reporting (as per MDR ARTICLE 87)

• Events that pose a serious risk to public health must be notified immediately but no later than two days after becoming aware of them.
• Events involving the death of a patient, a user, or any other person, or the serious deterioration of their health, must be notified immediately but no later than 10 days after becoming aware of them.
• Events that had little or no impact on the patient or user but were likely to result in death or a major decline in health if they happened again must be reported right away but no later than 15 days after becoming aware of them.

When are EU vigilance reports necessary?

In accordance with MEDDEV 2.12/1, an incident report must be made if a device malfunction, decline in device performance, inadequate instructions, or inadequate labelling results in death or serious injury, or if it could result in death or serious deterioration of state of health if it were to occur again.

The incident has to be notified to the member state’s Competent Authority (CA), depending on where it happened.

In Europe, below are the fundamental procedures to report an incident:

• The appropriate reporting deadline, which will depend on the severity of the incident, can be found in MEDDEV 2.12/1.
• Notify the relevant Competent Authorities of the incident.
• Respond to Competent Authorities’ inquiries on the devices implicated, their time on the market, and any design alterations.
• Appropriate communication with the Competent Authorities and determine whether a Field Safety Corrective Action (FSCA) and Field Safety Notice (FSN) are required.
• Send a Final Incident Report or a FSCA Report to the appropriate authorities.
• Include vigilance reports in ISO 13485 or equivalent quality system records and any correspondence with Competent Authorities.
• Unless Class 1 self-certified, report any accidents or FSCAs to the respective Notified Body.

Vigilance as per EU MDR compared to the MDD

It was challenging to distinguish between Vigilance and PMS in the Medical Device Directive (MDD).

In the European Union Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR), a distinction is made between “post-market surveillance” (PMS), which is the periodic reconfirmation that the benefits of the device continue to outweigh its risks, and “vigilance,” which is the identification, reporting, and trending of serious incidents and the conduct of safety-related corrective actions.

The 10-day limit for reporting a death or a major health deterioration and the 2-day reporting deadline for serious threats to the public’s health have not changed since the MDD.

The MDD’s 30-day reporting deadline for all other reportable occurrences is replaced by a 15-day reporting deadline for all other major incidents.

When the frequency or seriousness of additional incidents significantly increases, the EU MDR also mandates vigilance reporting. As opposed to the MDD, trend reporting (Article 88) and analysis (Article 89) were already directed by MEDDEV 2.12/1 and had been anticipated by European Competent Authorities and Notified Bodies for some time.

The necessity to submit vigilance reports to the EUDAMED database (Article 92), as opposed to each national Competent Authority, as required under the MDD, is a new requirement in the EU MDR.

The national vigilance reporting methods will continue to be used, though, until the vigilance module of EUDAMED is available.

FAQs